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The Self-Defeating Fantasy
We see both in this founding tragedy, for nature in the form
of the snake returns to the pool, able to escape its corporeality
and renew it, while humanity in the form of Gilgamesh can
only return to the dusty city of Uruk, well built it is true, but
ultimately a feeble defense against death. Nonetheless, many
still hope for immortality, feeling, like Dostoevsky, that
if you were to destroy in mankind the belief in immortal-
ity, not only love but every living force maintaining the
life of the world would at once be dried up (581:19). [3]
Yet our fictions often tell us that immortality is best only as a
hope and never as an actuality, for, despite its venerable, obvi-
ous, and intimate appeal, the fantasy of immortality masks a
terrible reality.
The clearest warnings against immortality, some might
suggest, are really warnings against hubris, foolishness, and
disobedience. The Cumaean Sybil, adored by Apollo, is
granted a thousand years of life, but because she spurns the
love of the god, he withholds eternal youth and she suffers
on and on. Tithonus, beloved of Eos, the Goddess of Dawn,
is granted immortality but forgets to ask for eternal youth, so
he ages forever in what Tennyson has him call cruel immor-
tality. Prometheus is by nature an immortal, but for having
stolen fire for humanity, his immortality becomes an eternity
of suffering. One could say that immortality in these cases
is no worse in itself than gold is in the story of Midas: a fine
thing in its proper place, but ironic, indeed tragic, when cor-
rupted. The apotheoses of Greek heroes and Hebrew prophets
would seem to corroborate this positive view of immortality,
as would the irony of so fine a state leading not to happiness
but to horror. However, can we find an immortality that does
not suffer such fatal defects?
It is often said that the central promise of Christianity is
immortality: I am the resurrection, and the life: he that